Journal: PLOS ONE
Article Title: St-N, a novel alkaline derivative of stevioside, reverses docetaxel resistance by targeting lysosomes in vitro and in vivo
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0316268
Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Confocal microscopic analysis of lysosomes stained by LysoTracker Red in PC3/Doc cells exposed to 1 μM St-N or St-C for the indicated times. (B) Flow cytometric analysis of lysosomes stained with LysoTracker, and the relative ratio of geometric LysoTracker Red fluorescence. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. (C) Electron micrographs showing lysosomal swelling induced by St-N. (D) ASM activities in lysates from the vehicle or St-N-treated PC3/Doc cells. * P < 0.05. (E) Western blotting analysis of LAMP1, LAMP2, CTSB, CTSD, p62, and LC3B in PC3/Doc cells after St-N treatment for different times. (F) Heatmap of the relative mRNA levels [logarithm value (base2)] of various cathepsins, LAMPs, and LC3B in St-N-treated PC3/Doc cells as determined by RT-qPCR. GAPDH served as an internal control. (G) Western blotting analysis of the active CTSB of lysosomal and cytosolic fractions in PC3/Doc cells treated with St-N. LAMP1 served as a lysosomal marker. (H) CTSB activity of lysosomal and cytosolic fractions was measured after subcellular fractionation of St-N-treated PC3/Doc cells. * P < 0.05.
Article Snippet: The primary antibodies used were as follows: cathepsin B (CTSB; cat. no. 12216-1-AP; Proteintech, Wuhan, China), Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta (LC3B; cat. no. NB100-2220; Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO, USA), lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1; cat. no. 21997-1-AP; Proteintech), lysosome-associated membrane protein 2 (LAMP2; cat. no. 66301-1-Ig; Proteintech), p62/SQSTM1 (cat. no. sc-28359; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA), tubulin alpha 1b (TUBA1B; cat. No. 11224-1-AP; Proteintech), cathepsin D (CTSD; cat. No. 21327-1-AP; Proteintech), poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1; cat. No. 80174-1-RR; Proteintech), β-actin (ACTB; cat. No. 60008-1-Ig; Proteintech), and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH; cat. no. sc-365062; Santa Cruz Biotechnology).
Techniques: Staining, Fluorescence, Western Blot, Quantitative RT-PCR, Control, Marker, Activity Assay, Fractionation